Market princples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market princples - Essay Example Advertising techniques are particularly significant in light of the fact that they help organizations in amplifying execution of existing items just as propelling new items into new markets. McDonald’s has figured out how to set up and keep up an assortment of showcasing standards and procedures that includes four primary components, which are adjusted to the advantage of the organization. The primary area of the article tends to the components of advertising and the advantages of the method of direction that McDonald’s received. The third part elucidates the business condition while the fourth area talks about the contrasts among worldwide and local showcasing in close connection to McDonald’s. In conclusion, a finishing up articulation wraps the article with a rundown of all issues secured in regards to McDonald’s. The advertising procedure can be characterized as the system of evaluating promoting openings, choosing markets to target, planning the showcasing blend, and the executives of the advertising exertion (Marketing and Supply Chain Management, n.d). this procedure consolidates circumstance investigation, promoting technique, advertising blend choices, and usage and control. Circumstance investigation incorporates a far reaching examination of a circumstance permits a business to recognize the open doors that could be misused to fulfill unattended client needs and needs. Promoting technique includes building up an arrangement that can be utilized in satisfying the recognized chance. Showcasing blend choices join nitty gritty choices that are made for controllable boundaries in the advertising blend and incorporate item advancement, estimating choices, circulation agreements, and definition of limited time battles. In conclusion, the execution and control step includes propelling of the i tem or the administration and close checking. As the market keeps on changing, the promoting blend assets can likewise be acclimated to oblige any distinguished changes in the market. The spot

Diabetes :: essays research papers

What is diabetes? Diabetes mellitus is a gathering of infections described by significant levels of blood glucose coming about because of deformities in insulin emission, insulin activity, or both. Diabetes can be related with genuine difficulties and unexpected passing, yet people with diabetes can take measures to diminish the probability of such events. 15.7 million individuals - 5.9% of the populace - have diabetes. In any case, just 10.3 million individuals are analyzed with the goal that leaves 5.4 million individuals not analyzed. Studies have seen demise rates as twice as high among moderately aged individuals with diabetes as among moderately aged individuals without diabetes. In light of death declaration information, diabetes added to 193,140 passings in 1996. Diabetes was the seventh driving reason for death recorded on U.S. passing endorsements in 1996, as per CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. Diabetes is accepted to be underreported on death endorsements, both as a condition and as a reason for death. 6.3 million. 18.4% surprisingly 65 years and more established have diabetes. 15.6 million. 8.2% surprisingly 20 years and more established have diabetes. 123,000. 0.16% surprisingly under age 20 have diabetes. Predominance information for diabetes among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are restricted. A few gatherings inside this populace are at expanded hazard for diabetes. For instance, information gathered from 1988 to 1995 propose that Native Hawaiians are twice as prone to have analyzed diabetes as white occupants of Hawaii. The four sorts of diabetes are:  · Type 1 diabetes was recently called insulin-subordinate diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or adolescent beginning diabetes. Type 1 diabetes may represent 5% to 10% of all analyzed instances of diabetes. Hazard factors are less all around characterized for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes, yet immune system, hereditary, and natural components are engaged with the improvement of this sort of diabetes  · Type 2 diabetes was recently called non-insulin subordinate diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or grown-up beginning diabetes. Type 2 diabetes may represent about 90% to 95% of all analyzed instances of diabetes. Hazard factors for type 2 diabetes incorporate more seasoned age, stoutness, family ancestry of diabetes, earlier history of gestational diabetes, debilitated glucose resilience, physical latency, and race/ethnicity. African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and some Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are at especially high hazard for type 2 diabetes.  · Gestational diabetes creates in 2% to 5% everything being equal yet vanishes when a pregnancy is finished.

Some Useful Things

Some Useful Things At the start of the semester a close friend of mine gave me her loft. It was a big, nervous change for me because I am not only change-averse but also terrified of heights, but it turned out to be a fantastic idea. Different dorms give different levels of control over furniture. If you can, I recommend you loft your bed, and loft it high. My fear of heightsâ€"at least, the height of a loftâ€"evaporated within hours. When I moved my head, my room to my right swayed with me, and so did the world four stories down at the open window to my left. I was terrified at first, but some time passed and I didn’t die and I wasn’t scared anymore. Sleeping in a loft has several benefits. First, I don’t have a bedside table or shelf, which means I can’t bring my laptop or a book to bed unless I want it to fall out the window. Sleep ends up separate from everything else, which I’ve heard can help a person fall asleep faster. Second, since I sleep next to an open window I get a cool breeze at night and the light of the sun in the morning. Every night feels like camping, and I usually wake up without an alarm between 7:30 and 8:00. The result is regularity in my sleep schedule. Remarkably I’ve started feeling rested on seven or eight hours of sleep, which never used to be enough. A third, unexpected benefit is that I start every morning panicking about which direction I shoved my plushies in my sleep. By the time I scan the alleyway four stories down and find them on my bedroom floor I’m usually quite awake. Under my loft I made a cozy space that is also isolated: it has a window, some plushies, including my giant turtle, and a small shelving unit with yarn, my Legos, and only my favorite books (science fiction and a population genetics textbookâ€"no GRE prep book). There’s a green curtain I can pull across the loft to block out the rest of the world and a touch lamp shining into the cave. It’s become a happy childish shelter from stressful reality. There are a few other simple, mostly inexpensive things I’ve accumulated over the past two years that have greatly enhanced my quality of life at MIT. Lamps I spent my first semester crammed into a small half and I handled the situation all wrong. I tried to make a second story by lofting a queen sized airbed on a lofted bed frame and a shelving unit, which backfired by blocking my one window and blanketing the space below the loft and the reach of the already dim ceiling lamp (most of my room) in darkness. I’m smarter now! In addition to my dim ceiling lamp I have a three-setting floor lamp and two desk lamps, one on my desk and one (a touch lamp, also three-setting) facing the cozy cave below my loft. I have 2*2*4*4=64 options for the lighting in my room, not including my windows. I think having control over the light in my room has contributed heavily to my happiness. Alarm clocks I have two alarm clocks: a radio alarm clock for almost always and an obnoxious Clocky alarm clock for actually waking up. Clocky rolls away while squealing in a variety of obnoxious pitches. It’s impossible to sleep though and great for pre-midterm naps. (Accidental seven-hour naps were a staple of my freshman year. Don’t let them take over yours.) Clocky is especially nice combined with my loft. I can’t leave it in my bed because I don’t want it to roll out the window, so when I do use Clocky I have to climb out of bed to turn it off. Intense hat from Russia Fall semester freshman year I got a double ear infection (double earn infection, all across my productivity!) that wiped me out for about two weeks. S^3 and medical can only help you so much when you’ve missed 20 lectures and eight p-sets and maybe an exam or two. My grandparents in Russia shipped me an ?????? from Russia and I haven’t gotten an ear infection since. Of course I look like this in the winter, but it’s worth it: A black and white printer A personal printer is not necessary. There are printers all over campus and in the dorms. Having your own printer is helpful if your dorm’s printer starts spitting black streaks across everything and you want neither zebra p-sets nor to trek to campus. Electric tea kettle You’ll need one for the ginormous tea collection you’ll inevitably accumulate after your first three trips to Shaw’s (our local grocery store). Microwaving cups of water loses its novelty after a week. Water floss Did you know that when you wake up in the morning you wake up with 600 species of bacteria colonizing your teeth? Water floss can’t replace actual floss but it’s better than no floss at all when you’re hosed. It’s fun, like a water fight in your mouth. Beanbag When I first came to MIT I bought a butterfly chair, which collapsed when I tried to fit more than three people on it. A beanbag is much better. Corkboard for jewelry I have a lot of beautiful jewelry my grandparents gave me but until this semester I’ve kept it in a box. Unfortunately this meant I could only wear the jewelry I remembered, and only if I had time to pick it out in the morning. At the start of term I hung all my necklaces and earrings on a large corkboard, and bought a smaller corkboard for p-sets. Now everything is visible and I can wear pretty things more often. Clementine box charger dock When they’re in season you can buy crates of clementines at Shaw’s. After demolishing the clementines take a look at the crates: they are wooden, stackable, and easily taken apart. If you flip them over, there are holes at the top that are perfectly sized for a charger cord, and the surface is just large enough to hold a cell phone and a PDA and an MP3 player. If you bend back and remove the staples holding it together, you can remove walls of the box, exposing space for you to put things inside. If you stack them you can build a customizable shelving unit. Things that are yours It’s become important to me that my space feels mine, so that when my life outside is collapsing, at least something feels consistent and right. Blank Institvte white walls are depressing. If you can paint your room you should. If you can’t, you can buy curtains online and a rug at Shaw’s. If you can, bring some junk from home to remind you of the world outside the bubble. I brought a lucky $2 bill, lucky pennies from 1992, a tiny pig figurine from a camping trip, a tiny cat figurine from my grandparents, a pet rock my little brother made me, and ticket stubs from trips home. You should also buy blankets and pillows and plushies. Lots of blankets and pillows and plushies. I love soft things. A fish I bought Hephaestus sometime this summer, from the Pet-Co a mile and a half from Random. My boyfriend and I picked out the fish and the fish bowl and the rocks and the fish food and the bamboo plant and the fish hammock and lugged it all home and put it together. The whole process took about five hours. It’s comforting when you’re hosed and stressed out to see a living thing swimming, carefree, his red fins swaying in currents that only he creates, living an existence independent of classes and p-sets where he can socialize as long as he wants with his two friends, the bamboo plant and his reflection, his thoughts and his dreams limited only by the walls of his 1 gallon fish bowl. It’s reassuring that there’s a world without homework floating in the stagnant waters of freedom that you haven’t changed in at least a month, to be reminded of and glad for your own intriguing fish bowl and inspired to work twice as hard on that p-set you really should have been staring at instead of a fish.

The Progressive movement of the 1900’s - 700 Words

The Progressive movement of the 1900’s was the most important event to occur in the United States during the twentieth century. Progressives at first concentrated on improving the lives of those living in slums and in getting rid of corruption in government. The goal was to make working conditions better for the workers. True reform needed to happen. The workers of America believed this to be the best nation with opportunities for all people. Reform started with industrialization. Workers needed healthy and safe places to work, especially for women and children who were considered vulnerable and weak during that time period. Women and children over 14 worked at meat trimming sausage making and canning. â€Å"The Jungle† by Upton Sinclair in one†¦show more content†¦The big things exposed were the horrors of poverty, slums, dangerous working conditions, and child labor to name but a few. Therefore, in 1906 Roosevelt enacted the Meat Inspection Act which is now k nown as the Food and Drug Administration. The Progressive era also included workers’ safety and health but meatpacking plant. He felt that he had the public’s best interest at heart. Roosevelt also did not approve of Congressmen for being more interested in themselves instead of the people they were serving. This is when the term â€Å"muck-racker† came into play. With modern terminology today the muck-rackers are known as whistle blowers. The muck-rackers exposed the dark side of society. The big things exposed were the horrors of poverty, slums, dangerous working conditions, and child labor to name but a few. Therefore, in 1906 Roosevelt enacted the Meat Inspection Act which is now known as the Food and Drug Administration. The Progressive era also included workers’ safety and health but only after a deadly fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company on March 25, 1911. The company did not trust its workers. The doors and elevators were all locked except for the eighth floor. The workers were all located on the eighth, ninth, and tenth floors. The factory was largely a female work force. â€Å"Workers on the eighth and tenth floors were able to escape unharmed, but those on the ninth floor were not so lucky† (Mangus, lecture). During World War I, women foundShow MoreRelatedEssay on To what Extent the Progressive Movement was Successful1283 Words   |  6 Pagesdepression, the new reform movement arose from the educated middle class. These people were known as the progressives. The Progressive Movement was a movement that aimed at solving political, economic, and social problems. The Progressives were people from the middle class who had confidence that they could achieve social progress through political reform. The Progressives sought after changes and improvements in the society through laws and other federal actions. Many progressives thought that the greatestRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States865 Words   |  4 Pages From 1900 to 1920 a political group called the progressives demanded change and more government involvement after the gilded age where there barely was any action taken by the government. While the progressives were becoming more and more popular among politicians and people they brought reform and change to the United States. The progressives brought change through industries, social movements and the economy. 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The labor movement in the United States grew from the muckrakers informing the public of the need to protect the workers and provide them with fair and reasonable wages, hours, and working conditions (Leading the way: The progressive movement, 1890-1920, 2014, p. 610-612). The labor movement led efforts to stop child laborRead MoreThe Progressive Movement Of The United States874 Words   |  4 PagesThe pro gressive movement was one of the greatest times in America’s history, not only was the progressive movement noble but also needed especially after the lasting effects of the Civil War. Although there were many problems still plaguing the United States the progressive movement provided some Americans with a sense of hope because of changes in politics. First of all, progressive Presidents like Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson would not necessarily fight for their own political parties, butRead MoreTime Line 21050 Words   |  5 PagesTimeline Part II NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the Example Timeline Matrix document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. â€Å"Timeline Part II.† NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answersRead MoreAmerica s Rapid Industrialization During The Progressive Era1352 Words   |  6 PagesAs America entered the 20th century, the country entered a time period known as the Progressive Era. This era was one defined by political reform and social activism as well as myriad of problems arising from America’s rapid industrialization. During the Progressive era, America faced several international, political, and social challenges that would set us on the road to the society in which we now live. During the Depression of the 1890s, the National Association of Manufacturers argued thatRead MoreAmerica’s View on Immigration638 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica’s View on Immigration Americans, in the late 1800s and beginning of the 1900s, had a diversity of views about immigration and the immigrants. The United States of America, a nation of immigrants, had been welcoming to immigration in the 1800-1900’s. Thomas Page, a professor of the University of Virginia said, â€Å"Until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the attitude of the press and of the public men in the United States was with few exceptions strongly favorable to immigration. † Read MoreThe Progressive Era And Political Reform1330 Words   |  6 Pages The Progressive era was a period around 1890-1920, in which the rise of social activism became apparent as well as political reform. Americans during this time began to move away from rural and began to colonize cities. Progressive activists at the time sought to eliminate government corruption, increase regulation in business practices, and address and resolve health issues in the work force. Journalists known as muckrakers wer e catalysts of change by informing the public about prominent issuesRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Era1250 Words   |  5 Pages Progressive Presidents In the period of time following the Reconstruction Era the Progressive era came about, presented with abundant opportunity but also hindered by significant economic, political, and social issues. America was pining for a leader who could provide solutions to all of these issues, caused by rapid industrialization. In 1901, Theodore Roosevelt emerged as a leader for the progressivism movement, which focused on reforming the major issues that society faced at that time such

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Control Process in Management Free Essays

†¢ Home †¢ About Site †¢ Preserve Your Article †¢ Content Quality Guidelines †¢ Disclaimer †¢ TOS †¢ Contact Us †¢ Skip to content 4 main steps in control process in management 4 main steps in control process in management are: Control as a management function involves the following steps: 1. Establishing standards: Standards are criteria against which results are measured. They are norms to achieve the goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Control Process in Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Standards are usually measured in terms of output. They can also be measured in non-monetary terms like loyalty, customer attraction, goodwill etc. Some of the standards are as. a. Time standards: The goal will be set on the basis of time lapse in performing a task. b. Cost standards: These indicate the financial expenditures involved per unit, e. g. material cost per unit, cost per person, etc. c. Income standards: These relate to financial rewards received due to a particular activity like sales volume per month, year etc. d. Market share: This relates to the share of the company’s product in the market. e. Productivity: Productivity can be measured on the basis of units produced per man hour etc. f. Profitability: These goals will be set with the consideration of cost per unit, market share, etc. 2. Measuring performance Measurement involves comparison between what is accomplished and what was intended to be accomplished. The measurement of actual performance must be in the units similar to those of predetermined criterion. The unit or the yardstick thus chosen be clear, well-defined and easily identified, and should be uniform and homogenous throughout the measurement process. The performance can be measured by the following steps: (a) Strategic control points: It is not possible to check everything that is being done. Feature article about  Production Management So it is necessary to pick strategic control points for measurement. Some of these points are: (i) Income: It is a significant control point and must be as much per unit of time as was expected. If the income is significantly off form the expectation then the reasons should be investigated and a corrective action taken. (ii) Expenses: Total and operational cost per unit must be computed and must be adhered to. Key expense data must be reviewed periodically. (iii) Inventory: Some minimum inventory of both the finished product as well as raw materials must be kept in stock as a buffer. Any change in inventory level would determine whether the production is to be increased or decreased. (iv) Quality of the product: Standards of established quality must be maintained especially in food processing, drug manufacturing, automobiles, etc. The process should be continuously observed for any deviations. (v) Absenteeism: Excessive absenteeism of personnel is a serious reflection on the environment and working conditions. Absenteeism in excess of chance expectations must be seriously investigated. (b) Meclzanised measuring devices: This involves a wide variant of technical instruments used for measurement of machine operations, product â€Å"quality for size and ingredients and production processes. These instruments may be mechanical, electronic or chemical in nature. (c) Ratio analysis: Ratio analysis is one of the most important management tools. It describes the relationship of one business variable to another. The following are some of the important ratios: i) Net sales to working capital: The working capital must be utilised adequately. If the inventory turnover is rapid then the same working capital can be used again and again. Hence for perishable goods, this ratio is high. Any change in ratio will signal a deviation from the norm. ii) Net sales to inventory: The greater the turnover of inventory, generally, the higher the profit on investment. iii) Current ratio: This is the ratio of current asset (cash, receivables etc. ) to current liabilities, and is used to determine a firm’s ability to pay the short term debts. iv) Net profits to net sale: This ratio measures the short-run profitability of a business. v) Net profits to tangible net worth: Net worth is the difference between tangible assets (not good will, etc) and total liabilities. This ratio of net worth is used to measure profitability over a long period. vi) Net profits to net working capital: The net-working capital is the operating capital at hand. This would determine the ability of the business to finance day-to-day operations. vii) Collection period on credit sales: The collection period should be as short as possible. Any deviation from established collection period should be promptly investigated. viii) Inventory to net working capital: This ratio is to determine the extent of working capital tied up in inventory. Generally, this ratio should be less than 80 per cent, ix) Total debt to tangible net worth: This ratio would determine the financial soundness of the business. This ratio should remain as low as possible. (d) Comparative statistical analysis: The operations of one company can be usefully compared with similar operations of another company or with industry averages. It is a very useful performance measuring device. (e) Personal observation: Personal observation both formal and informal can be used in certain situation as a measuring device for performances, specially, the performance of the personnel. The informal observation is generally a day-to-day routine type. A manager may walk through a store to have a general idea about how people are working. 3. Comparing the actual performance with expected performance This is the active principle of the process. The previous two, setting the goals and the measurement format are the preparatory parts of the process. It is the responsibility of the management to compare the actual performance against the standards established. This comparison is less complicate if the measurement units for the standards et and the performance measured are the same and quantified. The comparison becomes more difficult when these require subjective evaluations Ralph C. Davis identifies four phases in the comparison. 1. Receiving the raw data. 2. Accumulation, classification and recording of this information. 3. Periodic evaluation of completed action to date. 4. Reporting the status of accomplishment to higher line authority. At the third phase, deviations if any are noted between standards and performance. If clear cut deviations are there, then management must study the:- (i) Causes for deviation ii) Effect of deviation (iii) Size of deviation (iv) Positive or negative deviation. 4. Correcting Deviations: The final element in the process is the taking corrective action. Measuring and comparing performance, detecting shortcomings, failures or deviations, from plans will be of no avail if it does point to the needed corrective action. Thus controlling to be effective, should involve not only the detection of lapses but also probe into the failure spots, fixation of responsibility for the failures at the right quarters, recommendation of the best possible teps to correct them. These corrective actions must be applied when the work is in progress. The primary objective should be avoidance of such failures in future. The required corrective action can be determined from the qualified data as per the standards laid out and the performance evaluation already done. This step should be taken promptly, otherwise losses may be cumulative and remedial action will be all the more difficult to take. Corrective action must be well balanced, avoiding over controlling and at the same time letting not things to drift. You May Also Like: †¢ 3 Elements of an Organisation suggested by Allen †¢ 14 principles of management suggested by Fayol Advertisement Free Subscription Top of Form [pic][pic] Do you want some more information on this topic? Enter your email id: [pic][pic] Bottom of Form Do you like this site? If you enjoy reading PreserveArticles. com, please share this site with your friends.? Guidelines †¢ About Site †¢ Content Quality Guidelines †¢ Terms of Service †¢ Privacy Policy †¢ Disclaimer †¢ Copyright †¢ Recent Articles spellingerrors Report Spelling and Grammatical Errors Suggestions †¢ Suggest Us Testimonials †¢ Users Testimonials Preserve Articles is home of thousands of articles published and preserved by users like you. Here you can publish your research papers, essays, letters, stories, poetries, biographies, notes, reviews, advises and allied information with a single vision to liberate knowledge. Before preserving your article s on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Content Guidelines 2. TOS 3. Privacy Policy 4. Disclaimer 5. Copyright Search Articles Top of Form How to cite Control Process in Management, Essay examples

Business of a Business is to be Sustainable Business

Question a) As a client/consumer which companies would you boycott in your own country because they have not acted ethically and/or sustainably? Reflect on your reasons for your decision to boycott them. Alternatively are there any companies you would choose over their competitors because they have behaved ethically and sustainably? Reflect on why you would support these companies. b) What I value in a careerand Choose two or three of the values ? c) Mackey writes of business leadership needing to not only maximise profits for shareholders but also needing to strive for positive impacts on their stakeholders in applying the concept of conscious capitalism. Reflect on how you might operate ethically in your future profession through using this conscious capitalism approach. Answer a) Reputation/boycott sustainability risks Sustainability is one of the key factors that would contribute towards the successful operational activities. In this process, the process related to the operational activities are planned and implemented in the right manner. However, there are few companies that fail to follow the process that are associated with the ethical business practices. Such a factor impacts the business performance and goodwill. Both the factors are necessary for earning customers and sustaining the tough competition that is required to remain ahead of the competitors. It is quite important to adopt and implement balanced integration that will help in social or environmental factors. The steps that are adopted by the company depend upon the expectations or objectives that have been set forth by the organization (Joiner, and Stephen, 2007). In case, the company fails to follow the process or the promise that was made to the clients, stakeholders, and the staffs of the company then it will affect its credibility. Besides this, strategic planning and its implementation are necessary for implementing steps for the economic development and sustaining the tough competition that exists in the industry. However there are few companies that choose to compromise with the quality of the products and services that have been promised to be rendered to the clients. Some of the cars or vehicles that were sold by Toyota were of sub-standards and didnt meet the expectations of the clients. In this process, the company had adopted unethical or improper method for the production of the goods and services. This had in fact impacted the sales and promotional activities of the products that were manufactured by the company (Legault, 2010). It is quite important to plan and implement an effective strategy for ethical production activities. The ethical requirements for the company differ and depend upon the production activities that are followed by the organization. In this case, it is essential to plan the strategic production activities as this will help in increasing the operational activities. In this process, it is essential to draft and implement steps through which the trust with the clients and the stakeholders of the company. The quality of the services has to surpass the expectations of the clients and this is one of the reasons, many companies follow an effective strategy for improving the quality of services that is being rendered to the clients. In the sustainable plan, the expectations of the company have to be analysed and the same has to be meet in the best possible manner. Also, the preferences of the clients, staffs, and others who are associated with the company have to be taken into consideration. Th is will help in improving the quality of the production activities (Logsdon and Young, 2005). However the products of many companies have been boycotted by the clients for a simple fact that the quality didnt meet the expectations of the clients. This is one of the reasons; the company need to set right the expectations with the suppliers, buyers, and others in an accurate manner. It is equally important to cater the same as it was promised by the management of the company. In the past, companies didnt choose to share the required information with the buyers, which was considered to be ethical wrong. This is one of the reasons, the sales for the products was considerably low. Sustainability policy includes planning for the production activities and adopting the right process for carrying out the operational activities. It also includes sharing the accurate information with the clients, as this is considered to be one of the most important factors that would contribute towards the successful business operational activities. In case any of the information is missed out then it will affect the production and goodwill of the company (Mackey, 2009). b) What I value in career Career selection is one of the most important and challenging tasks. I believe that one needs to be passionate about his career and the professional that would help in the future growth. There are different professions like accounting, banking, lawyers, doctors, and researchers. Being passionate about ones own career will help the individual in selecting the best option and planning the growth in live that is considered to be quite essential. Besides being passionate about the career, it is also important to have necessary information that is required for selecting the best option. In this case, students are expected to gather the required and necessary information that will be helpful in planning for the future course. The required information about the subjects and topics or the courses can be gathered from different reliable sources that includes internet. However, it is necessary to ensure that the details are evaluated and implemented in the right manner. In other words, it is n ecessary to choose reliable details related to the course completion. This will help in implementing the pans that is considered to be essential for the development or pursing the course. Apart from this, it is necessary to select the best college or university from where the course can be completed by the individual. This is one of the most essential factors that have to be considered at the time of planning. Also, the organization that needs to be joined after the completion of the course can be shortlisted. This will help in improving the confidence that is related to the career. Again the challenges that are related to the completion of the course can be consulted, as this will help in improving the plan in the best possible manner (McDonough et al., 2002). c) Conscious Capitalism This is one of the most important concepts that can positively impact the performance of the business for the organization. In this process, the management of the company adopt effective strategies to exchange ideas, trading law, law, and other factors that are considered to be important for the performance of the business. Such factors are considered to be quite healthy for the performance of the organisation as it will help in handling the changing or challenging economic condition. Managers or the leaders of the company are entrusted with different responsibilities that include building trust with the clients and stakeholders. In this process the necessary steps are taken for creating values which is considered to be one of the most important factors for the success of the business. However, I believe that the concept is quite complex and it needs proper understanding about the topic. Unless this is not done, it is not possible for the managers to create a long term relationship w ith the stakeholders of the company. Stakeholders of the company are investors, clients, staffs, and suppliers. These groups of individuals are interested in the performance of the company and would prefer to be aware of the objectives of the organization. In this case, it is necessary to analyse the challenges that can impact the relationship with the clients or the stakeholders. It needs to be worked upon, as this will assist the company in planning the future development. Besides this, the managers have to adopt and implement effective strategies through which right and accurate information can be shared with the clients and the stakeholders of the company. This is one of the most important factors that will help in the business development and introducing the right steps to build confidence (McGuire et al., 2009). References Joiner, and Stephen J, 2007. Leadership Agility: Five Levels of Mastery for Anticipating and Initiating Change San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007 Legault, M 2010 Becoming an Ethical Leader: An Exploratory Study of the Developmental Process. Doctoral dissertation (UMI No. 3397539), Fielding Graduate University,2010. Logsdon, M, and Young J, 2005. Executive Influence on Ethical Culture: Self Transcendence, Differentiation, and Integration. Positive Psychology in Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility. Eds. Giacalone, Robert A., Carole L. Jurkiewicz and Craig Dunn. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing, 2005. Mackey, J, 2009. Creating a New Paradigm for Business. Be the Solution: How Entrepreneurs and Conscious Capitalists Can Solve All the Worlds Problems. Ed. Strong, Michael. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2009. 73-113. Print McDonough, William, and Michael Braungart, 2002. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York: North Point Press, 2002. McGuire, John B, and Gary B Rhodes, 2009. Transforming Your Leadership Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009. Moss-Kanter and Rosabeth, 2010. Leadership 2.0: Strategy and Action for Leading through Change. 12th Annual International Leadership Association Global Conference. 2010, October Porter, Michael E, and Mark R Kramer, 2011. Creating Shared Value: How to Reinvent Capitalism and Unleash a Wave of Innovation and Growth. Harvard Business Review 2011

Godfather Ii Essays - English-language Films, Action-adventure Games

Godfather Ii Armando Powell The real importance of any movie can't be adequately appraised solely by box office success or critical response. 'The Godfather Part II is an example of how a carefully crafted sequel to a great film can become both a box office and critical success when attention is paid to its artistic quality. The movie continues the tale of the Corleone family, and presents to the viewers a world filled with greed and betrayal, family union and loyalty. A companion piece in the truest sense of the term, The Godfather Part II earned as much praise as its predecessor, if not more. Earning twelve Academy Award nominations, the second installment has been rightfully hailed as the best sequel of all time. While The Godfather, Part II did not exceed the box office gross of the original, the movie can still be considered a blockbuster, and not at all a flop. The Godfather earned instant success when it was first released in 1972. Earning both praise from critics and box office success, making about $135 million, the movie became an instant classic. One of the reasons for the high status of The Godfather Part II lies in the fact that the movie was authored by the same author with the same intent in mind. While other sequels usually serve as nothing more than easy way for unimaginative producers to cash on previous successes, The Godfather Part II was a nice opportunity for Coppola to experiment, correct some possible flaws or even answer to critics of his previous work. (Dragan Antulov, IMDB) The biggest and most serious objection to The Godfather was Coppola's allegedly apologetic portrayal the Mafia. Coppola was accused of showing organized crime as being more noble and less violent than it actually was. His Mafiosi are shown as dedicated family men, opposed to narcotics and any unnecessary violence, and in some way even better alternat ive to legitimate government. In the second movie, Coppola intended to use the story of the first part to paint more realistic and, consequently, much darker picture. Instant financial success did not follow The Godfather Part Two as it did the first movie. The reason was created due to the fact that the second movie represented one of the examples of the now generally despised practice in modern Hollywood, making sequels out of the successful, great movies. Such practice earned the utter disdain of contemporary critics because the sequels almost always fail to meet the standards of its predecessors, and, more often than not, succeed only in tarnishing their great memory. Therefore audiences were wary of attending the second movie, fearing it would not live up to their expectations. The box office numbers reflect this; the second movie earned only $57.3 million. Nevertheless, other factors contribute to the blockbuster status of the movie. The Godfather Part 2 is considered to be the finest sequel ever made and is arguably a finer film than the original Godfather. The film is divided into two main parts, the story of a young Vito Corleone and the rise to power of Michael as the head of the family. The film expands upon the original movie and brings us into the family's activities in Nevada, Florida and Havana. Set in the 1950s, the story picks up soon after The Godfather left off: Michael Corleone has moved some operations to Las Vegas, but remains involved in New York organized crime. He also seeks to expand operations to pre-Castro Cuba, in partnership with aging, chronically ill Hyman Roth (Lee Strasberg). He also has to defend himself against congressional hearings into his criminal activities. As in the first film, Michael ruthlessly punishes those who oppose or betray the 'family' (i.e. himself). Although his success continues, he also becomes ever more cold and distant: nearly a personification of evil. The only emotions that remain are the desires to punish those who have hurt him. The second part involves flashbacks of Michael's father Vito first as a boy, then as a young man. Vito (De Niro) immigrates to America, alone, to escape a vendetta against his family. Although he can be as ruthless as his son would later be, Vito also rewards with favors those who are

Working for a Year Before Entering University

Working for a Year Before Entering University Free Online Research Papers There is no denial that people increasingly gain freedom in developing themselves, and a trend has been more and more popular amongst young people in some countries where they are encouraged to get employed or have a travel between the completion of high schools studies and the commence of university study. From my perspective, several factors needed to be taken into consideration. On one hand, young people could benefit from travel or work experience, in some meaning, if under proper direction. Take a student who want to enter film industry, for example, he or she may learn from what it is like from their teachers or other academical sources. However, it is most likely that such knowledge can’t help them get in touch with the real professional people, and moreover, many students would be misled that they can fulfill any job requirement simply by copying from existing models. On the other hand, there are certain risks for youngsters to take in working or traveling. Firstly, it is almost certainly that student could not find the relevant occupation or meet appropriate requirement of real working positions in particular field, which may result in disappointment or depression. Hence, teachers and mentors should be appointed or be consulted in order to provide advice wherever needed. Secondly, financial support could be another problem for some individuals. It is highly recommended that different situation and economical conditions should be considered thoroughly before any action is taken out. Ultimately, travel and working is inappropriate for some unskilled people, since they aren’t qualified for certain activities, and it is probably that they can’t finish any tasks or gain any social experience as their peers. elaborate training scheme rather than working opportunities should be of much more use for people in that category. To conclude, I believe some people does benefit from traveling experience, as well as participating in some practices, in terms of broadening their vision, enlarging knowledge, and realizing ambition. In most cases, certain measures nevertheless are indispensable to ensure people do not waste time or money in taking part in such activities. Research Papers on Working for a Year Before Entering UniversityStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Project Managment Office System

Isaac Newton is a great man Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Isaac Newton is a great man - Research Paper Example Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England in 1642 and grew up to be an authority in Mathematics, dynamics, celestial mechanics, astronomy, optics and philosophy (Newton). His life appears to have been influenced by the death of his father who died few months prior to Newton’s birth (English-Online). He took charge of his life early in his life, waiting on tables and doing menial jobs for wealthy students to pay for his school fees, which shows his great love for education. His mother had remarried and left him under the care of aged grandparents who could barely support him, but this did not deter his quest for learning. During his youth, he is known to have been interested in mechanical devices, doing many experiments and building many devices (Newton). He is known to have built a mill model, clocks and kites among other devices, which he experimented in his neighborhood, with some of the experiments greatly frightening his neighbors. He drew many drawings and architectur al diagrams on the window edges and walls of his Woolsthorpe home which included drawings of men, animals, birds and also plants. During this time, he is known to have been influenced by the book; ‘mysteries of nature’ by John Bates (Newton). He had his early education at Skillington and Stoke which is thought to have started when he was five years old. Newton the proceeded to King’s school in Grantham during which time his step father died and his mother went to their Woolsthorpe home (Newton). The mother removed him from school and intended to make him a farmer, but Newton was not interested in farming but had a great thirst for learning. John Stokes, master of the Grantham School and William Ayscough, Newton’s uncle intervened, leading to the decision to prepare Newton for University, which was done in 1661, with entry to Trinity College, Cambridge (Newton). It is at this college where he is thought to have made his mathematical discoveries where he had easy access to the college and university libraries where he spent lengthy hours of study. It is also assumed that it was in the rooms of the Trinity College where he did the experiments of the dispersion and refraction of light, and probably done the one on the pendulum to explain about the earths pull of gravity. The experiment about the falling apple, which Newton said explained about the idea of gravitation, was done either at Boothbay or at the Woolsthorpe house (Newton). Isaac Newton was a very ambitious scientist who did his researches very conclusively and had a firm belief that everything in nature had an explanation in mathematics, but not all scientists during his time concurred with him. He was so engrossed in his work and researches that he did not have many acquitances and did not also marry. When for example he was writing the principia, which is the mathematical principles of natural philosophy in the Latin language, he rarely left his room and ate little food or ev en none at all, had unkempt hair and worn out shoes, and also very rarely went to the chapel. Isaac Newton contributed much through his research and discoveries in many of the fields in which he was involved. In the field of mathematics, his most notable work was in calculus, and other fields of

EXERCISE 5 P+P Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EXERCISE 5 P+P - Research Paper Example The Merise has the basic assumption of System design and development going through three cycles of - abstraction, approval and life cycle. There can be object oriented transformation of Merise analysis. The cognitive bias of Merise is that it is not limited only to the modeling of a database (Pham, 1991). 2. Purpose & Periphery   What does the method encompass?   What is it (designed to be) used for?   To what can it be adapted/applied?   What does it preclude? The method encompasses three characteristics viz. structural overview with diagram and text that is beneficial for easier implementation, better quality system and a use of improved planning. The development method was primarily designed for UK and the government computing requirements. The application later became hugely popular and hence it was adapted by the European public sector companies (Doorn, 2002) . The Merise mainly encompasses graphical representation through three different cycles. It is mainly designed fo r development cycle, which is decision cycle, life cycle and abstraction cycle. It is mainly applied such that data and processes are viewed in conceptual level then logical level and finally operational level (Pham, 1991). The SSADM technology precludes various drawbacks of previous technologies by offering below listed advantages:- 1. SSADM involves user 2. SSADM separates the logical and physical aspect of the system 3. It gives the three different views of the system 4. It has well-defined techniques and documentation However, SSADM technology cannot be applied in all conditions. The SSADM technology requires a large enterprise and may not be suitable for all types of enterprises like Small scale or medium. A large investment of time and money is required to use this technology. It requires a big place and also needs trained people to use it (Ashworth, 1990). 3. Process & Procedure Guidance offered   What do we do? What happens next?   Procedures for moving through the stage s/phases/tasks/ Practitioner guide   Participant guidance   There are guidance available, which can teach the software designing methodology with plenty of tutorials available, both in printed form and online format. The Practical Business Systems Development using SSADM4 by Philip Weaver (Weaver, 2002) is a complete guideline on it. There are software development sites, which help in these issues too. With the help of Logical Data Modelling, one can identify, model and document the requirements of data for the system being considered for design. Using this method, the data is separated into relationships and entities. Because of this, it becomes easier to know about the fields for which business needs to record the information and about the relationships between entities. The data flow modelling recognize, model and document the movement of data around the information system. It examines the actions which transform one form of data to another, area where data is held, what rece ive data into system or sends data from system and also about the routes through which data can flow. And the entity behaviour modelling takes care of actions that influence each unit and the sequence in which these actions occur. There are detail procedures in these tutorial books which guides through stages of the task. Even there are modules like requirements analysis,

The Self Criticism And Reflection Education Essay

The Self Criticism And Reflection Education Essay During the college years, I had multiple hurdles that I have encountered. One of the biggest hurdles was time management and procrastination. Throughout my education, I have always been a procrastinator, even in finishing up this essay. When I go into my assignments, I will always go with good intentions and plan on getting them done early so that I will not have to worry about doing them later. However, life seems to get in the way. I always find something else that needs to be done immediately, while my assignments are not due for a few days. I also find it very difficult to motivate myself if the assignment is not due right away. I have myself convinced that I will do better under pressure. So I always end up putting myself in that situation. Although throughout my education so far this technique has worked, I certainly believe that it will not work through university. In order to change my ways of thinking about assignments and deadlines, I need to set some concrete rules for me to follow. First off, I need to set realistic goals. I often set goals that are very unlikely to get my work done. Therefore, to improve this, I will try to break my assignment into parts and give myself more than enough time to accomplish each task. By doing this, my time will be fully utilized instead of wasted. In co-curricular activities, I realized that I had done little in games and clubs within the university, despite having a number of athletic teams, training personnel as well as other facilities. I was not able to attend any of the activities and even spent most of my time playing games on my personal computer rather than being involved in real athletics. Therefore, I have made strict schedules to allow me attend my favourite games which are football and rugby. I believe sports can season me to be mentally and physically fit. Moreover, physical fitness is important for all, and is also the main core for engineers to go the distance. In life, we are bound to encounter challenges. Thus, by doing sports, I hope they can help me to steel myself in coping with the challenges in life. Furthermore, as most sports involve precision, which is fundamentally linked to engineering, it also helps me to develop the natural traits as an engineer. Through the hurdles, I also realized some of my strength. One of them is that I always get all of my work done. I always make the time and find the will to get them done. This takes a lot of self-discipline, because I could always been distracted with other matters. If I get all of my work done, then surely it will help me in final year examinations. I am also learning all that I am given in order to expand my knowledge and do well on assignments, laboratories and coursework. This will ultimately help me to be more knowledgeable throughout my life. Professional Engineering principles and personal opinions Being a professional engineer, it means that I have to work to enhance the welfare, health and safety whilst paying due regard to the environment and the sustainability of resources. Personally, there are three fundamental principles that I think we, engineers, should hold as guidance in achieving the high ideals of professional life. Firstly, without any doubt, a professional engineer should normalise themselves with integrity and honesty. Professional engineers should adopt the highest standards of professional conduct, openness, fairness and honesty. Therefore, from now, I should start training myself to be alert on the ways in which my works and actions might affect others, and duly respect the rights and reputation of others too. I also need to avoid deceptive acts and take steps to prevent corrupt practices or professional misconduct. Bribery and improper influence should not be in practice too. Other than that, I would weight leadership as one of the most important principle for professional engineers as we should aspire to high standards of leadership in the exploitation and management of technology. Being a professional engineer, it shows that I hold a privileged and trusted position in a society. Therefore, I am expected to demonstrate that as professional engineer, I am seeking to serve wider society and also be sensitive to public concern. Thus, I have to be aware of the issues that engineering and technology raise for society, and also listen to the aspirations and concerns of others. Moreover, I have to actively promote public awareness and understanding of the impact and benefits of engineering achievements. Lastly, I believe professional engineers should be accurate and rigour. We hold a duty which is to ensure that we acquire and use widely and faithfully the knowledge that is relevant to the engineering skills needed in their work in service of others. Therefore, I should always act with care and competence. I have to get my knowledge and skills up to date and also assist the development of engineering knowledge and skills in others. In addition, I should present and review engineering evidence, theory and interpretation honestly, accurately and without bias. As a Professional engineer, I also need to identify and evaluate risks before take any actions. University experiences. University life has taught me to be more self discipline. Back in college, I was assigned with daily homework and teachers will check them on regular basis to ensure that the works given were properly done. However, when I step into university life, I am trusted to complete my assignments without being reminded. I also have to relate what I have learned in class to my readings. Most importantly, I have to keep myself notified the due date of my assignments. Other than that, it teaches me to be more independent thinker. In college, teachers will still check my homework and guide me through different thinking process, whilst in university; I have to develop my own independent thinking. An obvious example is when having a discussion with course mates on certain topics, there will be conflicting views on a single subject. However, in compensation, university provides us with more resources to clarify some disputes. Conclusion Upon finishing this essay, I have learned that time management is the most critical tool towards achieving personal goals not only in education, but also in other aspects of life. I have realized that my overall academic grades, as well as in extracurricular activities, improves with proper time management and the ability to work with strict time schedules. I have also learned a lot of useful insight from this whole module. Some of them have helped me to understand myself better. The questionnaires given during SESM1015 lecture have really helped me to understand about the different learning styles and thus made me realize which style that best fits me. Knowing this information also will help me utilize my strengths and ultimately learn better. To become the cream of the cream, one must always continue to learn and progress. Therefore, I set some expectations on myself for this year. One of the expectations that I have for myself is to continue to complete all of my work because that is the only way that one can truly learn. I am also going to work on feeling more confident about myself and my abilities. I have thoughts and ideas and I want to feel like I need to share them. That is going to be difficult for me since I am an international student, I have always been a quite one, but I will work on it. I am also expecting to be presented with ideas that I have never thought of, so I can learn from them. I want to learn a lot and look back on this year from now and be glad that I took it. Overall, I want to be taught things that I need to know in order to be the best professional engineer that I can be.

“The Tell Tale Heart” and “The Black Cat”

Kaleb Clem Mrs. Winslow English II Honors 31 October 2012 â€Å"The Tell-Tale Hearts† – â€Å"The Black Cat† Comparison â€Å"The Tell-Tale Hearts† and â€Å"The Black Cat† are two stories that share more similarities than differences. The plots both start out the same with a main character whose actions throughout the story makes apparent to the reader his insanity and have to deal with the internal and external dilemmas that are caused by the evil deeds, which both happen to be involved with murder, due to the unstable state of the man’s conscience.The two stories have settings that are both strikingly similar. Both stories have a gothic, mysteriously dark setting. And both stories are set within the narrator and the main character’s home; however, â€Å"The Black Cat† had more than one setting. In â€Å"The Black Cat† the main character’s house is burned down and so he is forced to get a new one. More details ar e given about this house than his earlier house or the home in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart. † We are told that the house is old, unlike the first one, and not what he and the wife are used to.The story also tells about the cellar, being such an important setting the narrator tells us that the psychological confinement is increased and taping that gets into our deepest fears concerning home and life. The characters from â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat† we see that for the most part, the stories are unbelievably alike. Both stories feature a man who is undoubtedly considered insane by the end of the story and who is the main character and policemen investigate under suspicion of murder. The Tell-Tale Heart† also has a neighbor who plays a small role in the story and The Black Cat contains the man’s wife, Pluto, and the second cat. The plot is almost exactly the same in both stories. Both stories feature a man who claims to be sane in the beginning although he proves to be otherwise later. The insanity in both characters differs. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† the man just seems to have a mental condition of sorts. In The Black Cat,† however, the main character is a raging alcoholic, which seems to be the main cause for his abnormal and malevolent behavior, like when he cut out Pluto’s eye. Pluto never did anything wrong, but the man was intoxicated. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat† were very similar. They had almost the same plot. The settings in the stories were much in common, and both plots featured gothic elements with large houses and lack of character variety.

Accounting – Concepts and Conventions

NATURE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT The data exhibited by financial statements are affected by a)Recorded facts b)Accounting Concepts, Conventions & Principles c)Personal Judgment 1)Recorded Facts: The term recorded facts means the data used for preparing financial statements are taken from accounting record which are facts. i. e. Cash in Hand: Actual cash is recorded Amount due from debtor: Actual to be recorded Amount due to creditor: Actual to be recorded Thus the financial statement do not disclose such facts which may be reality, which are not recorded. For ex. : L/Bldg. urchased are shown at cost price in the Accounting Books But market value which in reality may be different is not stated because it is not recorded in Books of A/c. 2)Accounting concepts & conventions & principle: The Dictionary meaning is â€Å"Fundamental truth implying uniformity of Applicability everywhere. † However when applied in Financial Statement Analysis, it gives different meaning in different conc epts & so it is rarely used as a fundamental accounting truth. Accounting Principles are those rules of Action which are adopted by the Accountant universally in recording transaction.Different professional bodies like Australian Society of Account (i. e. Institute of Chartered Accountant in Australia) The Institute of Chartered Accountant in England & Wales. The American Institute of certified public accountant have made recommendation on accounting principles in the recent year. Accounting principles have been developed over the years from experience, usage & necessity. They are judged on the General Acceptability rather than Universal Acceptability to the user of financial statement hence they are called as General Accepted Accounting Principles (G. A. A. P. )According principles can be broadly classified into two categories: A. Accounting concepts B. Accounting Conventions Accounting Principles Accounting conceptsAccounting Conventions a)Entity Concepta)Disclosure b)Going Concer n Conceptb)Materiality c)Accounting period conceptc)Consistency d)Money Measurement Conceptd)Conservatism e)Cost Concept f)Cost Attach Concept g)Dual Aspect Concept h)Accrual concept i)Periodic Matching of cost and Revenue Concept j)Realisation Concept k)Verifiable Objective Evidence Concept ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS: They are the necessary assumptions or conditions upon which accounting is based.Accounting concepts are postulates, assumptions or conditions upon which accounting is based. They are developed to convey the same meaning to all people. Some of the important concept are given as follows: 1. Entity Concept: For accounting purposes- the ‘business’ is treated as a separate entity from the proprietor (s). It may sound to be absurd that one sell goods to himself, but all transactions are recorded in the books of the business as per this point of view. This concept helps in keeping private affairs of the proprietor away from the business affairs. Thus if a proprietor in vests Rs. ,00,000/- in the business, it is deemed that the proprietor has given Rs. 1,00,000/- to the ‘business’ and it is shown as a ‘liability’ in the books of business. (because business has to ultimately repay it to the proprietor). Similarly, if the proprietor withdraws Rs. 10,000/- from the business, it is charged to him. This concept is applicable to all forms of business organizations. Although in the eyes of Law a Sole trader and his business or the partner and their business are one and the same, for accounting purposes they are regarded as separate entities. It is the ‘business’ with which we are concerned. . Going Concern Concept (Continuity of Activity): It is assumed that the business concern will continue for a fairly long time, unless and until it has entered into a state of liquidation. 3. Accounting Period Concept: Although the ‘going concern’ concept stresses the continuing nature of the business enterprise, it i s customary to divide its life into chapters known as ‘Accounting Periods. ’ An accounting period is the interval of time at the end of which the income statement and financial position statement (balance sheet) are prepared to know the result and resources of the business.Although shorter periods are frequently adopted for purposes of comparative studies, the normal accounting period is twelve months. This is because though the life of the business is considered to be indefinite, the measurement of income and studying the financial position of the business after a very long period would not help in taking timely corrective steps or to enable periodic distributions of income to proprietor (s) with reasonable safety. Therefore, it is necessary for the concern to ‘stop’ at regular intervals and ‘see back’ how it is faring. 4.Money Measurement Concept : In accounting everything is recorded in terms of money. Events or transaction which cannot be e xpressed in terms of money are not recorded in the books of accounts, even if they are very important or useful for the business. Purchase and sale of goods, payment of expenses and receipt of income are monetary transactions which find place in accounting etc. Death of an executive, resignation of a manager are the events which cannot be expressed in money and so are not to be recorded in Book’s of A/c. 5. Cost Concept (Objectivity Concept): As per cost concept: )an asset is ordinarily recorded at the price paid to acquire it i. e. at its cost, and b)this cost is the basis for all subsequent accounting for the asset. For example, if a plot of land is purchased for Rs. 1,00,000/- it is recorded in the books of at Rs. 1,00,000/- and even if its market value at the time of preparation of final accounts is Rs. 2,00,000/- or Rs. 60,000/- it will not be considered. Thus the balance sheet on a particular date does not ordinarily indicate what the asset could be sold for. The cost c oncept does not mean that the asset will always be shown at cost.It only means that cost becomes the basis for all subsequent accounting for the asset. Thus the assets recorded by the process of depreciation. Cost concept brings objectivity in the preparation and presentation of financial statements. It implies that the figures shown in the accounting records should be based on objective evidence and not on the subjective views of a person. 6. Cost-attach Concept: This concept is also known as ‘cost-merge’ concept. In order to produce an article it is necessary to purchase raw-material, process it and convert into finished article.This calls for the services of other factors of production and therefore, there are several other costs like labour cost, power and other overhead expenses. These cost have a capacity to ‘merge’ or ‘attach’ when they are brought together. Thus the proportionate raw-material costs, labour costs, and other overheads are added together to obtain product cost so as to increase the utility of cost data. 7. Dual Aspect Concept: This is the basic concept of accounting. As per this concept, every business transaction has a dual effect. 8.Accrual Concept: The accrual concept implies recording of revenues and expenses of a particular accounting period, whether they are received / paid in cash or not. Under cash system of accounting, the revenues and expenses are recorded only if they are actually received / paid in cash irrespective of the accounting period to which they belong. But under accrual method, the revenues and expenses relating to that particular accounting period only are considered. 9. Periodic Matching of Cost and Revenue Concept : This concept is based on the accounting period concept.Making profit is the most important objective that keeps the proprietor engaged in business activities. That is why most of the accountant’s time is spent in evolving techniques for measuring the profit /profitability of the concern. To ascertain the profit made during a period, it is necessary to match ‘revenues’ of the period with the ‘expenses’ of that period. Income (profit) earned by the business during a period can be measured only when the revenue earned during the period is compared with the expenditure incurred to earn that revenue. The question when the payment was made / received is irrelevant.Therefore, as per this concept adjustments are made for all outstanding expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued incomes, unearned incomes etc. 10. Realisation Concept : According to this concept profit should be accounted for only when it is actually realized. Revenue is recognized only when sale is effected or the services are rendered. Sale is considered to be made when the property in goods passes to the buyer and he is legally liable to pay. However, in order to recognize revenue, receipt of cash is not essential. Even credit sale results in realization as it creates a efinite asset called ‘Account Receivable’. However, there are certain exceptions to the concept: like in case of contract accounts, hire purchase etc. Similarly incomes like commission, interest, rent etc. are shown in Profit and Loss Account on accrual basis though they may not be realised in cash on the date of preparing accounts. 11. Verifiable Objective Evidence Concept : According to this concept all accounting transactions should be evidenced and supported by objective documents. These documents include invoices, contracts, correspondence, vouchers, bill, pass books, cheque books etc. uch supporting documents provide the basis for making accounting entries and for verification by the auditors later on. This concept also has its limitations. for example, it is difficult to verify internal allocation of costs to accounting periods. 2. ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS: Conventions are the customs or traditions or usage which guide of accounting statements. They a re adapted to make financial statements clear and meaningful. 1. Convention of Disclosure: This means that the accounts must be honestly prepared and they must disclose all material information.The accounting reports should disclose full and fair information to the proprietors, creditors, investors and others. This conventions is specially significant in case of big business like Joint Stock Company where there is divorce between the owners and the managers. However, it does not mean that all information or information of any kind is to be included in accounting statements. The term ‘disclosure’ only implies that there must be a sufficient disclosure of informations which is of material interest to proprietors, present and potential creditors and investors. 2.Conventions of Materiality: The accountant should attach importance to material details and ignore insignificant details. If this is not done accounts will be overburdened with minute details. As per the American A ccounting Association, â€Å"an item should be regarded as material, if there is a reason to believe that knowledge of it would influence the decision of informed investor. † Therefore, keeping the convention of materiality in view, unimportant items are either left out or merged with other items. Some items are shown as foot notes like, contingent liabilities, market value of investment etc.However, an item may be material for one purpose but immaterial for another, material for one concern but immaterial for another, or material for one year but immaterial for next year. 3. Convention of Consistency: The comparison of one accounting period with the other is possible only when the convention of consistency is followed. It means accounting from one accounting period to another. For example, a company may adopt straight line method, written down value method, or any other method of providing depreciation on fixed assets. But it is expected that the company follows a particular method of depreciation consistently.Similarly, if stock is valued at ‘cost or market price whichever is less,’ this principle should be followed every year. Any change from one method to another would lead to inconsistency. However, consistency does not mean non-flexibility. It should permit introduction of improved techniques of accounting. 4. Convention of Conservatism: It refers to the policy of ‘playing safe. ’ As per this convention all prospective losses are taken into consideration but not all prospective profits. In other words ‘anticipate no profit but provide for all possible losses’.However, this convention is being criticized on the ground that it goes not only against the convention of full disclosure but also against the concept of matching costs and revenues. It encourages creation of secret reserves by making excess provision for depreciation, bad and doubtful debts etc. The Income statement shows a lower net income and the Bal ance sheet overstates the liabilities and understates the assets. The convention of conservatism should be applied cautiously so that the results reported are not distorted. Some degree of conservatism is inevitable where objective data is not available.Following are the examples of application of conservatism: a)Making provision for doubtful debts and discount on debtors. b)Not providing for discount on creditors. c)Valuing stock in trade at cost or market price whichever is less. d)Creating provision against fluctuations in the price of investments. e)Showing Joint Life Policy at surrender value and not at the paid up amount. f)Amortization of intangible asset like goodwill which has indefinite life. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF FINANCIAL STATMENTS As stated earlier, the basic objective of financial statement is to provide information useful to the users of these statements.Different users like shareholders, investors, financial institutions, workers etc. are interested in financial sta tements with varying objectives. Generally, it is not possible for a firm to prepare these statements in such a form that may suit every interested user. However, such statements should possess at least the following essential qualities. 1. Relevance : Only these information should be disclosed in financial statements which are relevant to the objectives of the firm. The information is said to be relevant only when it influences decision of the users, while evaluating any event or correcting past evaluation.The conclusions drawn on the basis of irrelevant information would be misleading of no use. Therefore, the information irrelevant to the statements be avoided, otherwise it would be difficult to make a distinction between relevant and irrelevant information. 2. Understandability : The main objective of financial statements is to provide necessary information about the firm’s resources and performance. To fulfill this objectives, the information contained in these statement s should be clear, simple and lucid so that a person who is not well versed with the accounting terminology shall be able to understand without much difficulty.Hence, as far as possible, the form of financial statements should not be complex, and the terms used in these statements should be simple, in common language and non-technical. 3. Reliability and Accuracy : The information incorporated in financial statements should be reliable. Information has the quality of reliability when it is free from material error and bias and can be depended upon by users. Reliability charges with the nature of information contained in the subject matter. Therefore, such information should be provided whose reliability can be verified. Reliability of financial statements also depends on the accuracy of accounts.Hence, to arrive at right conclusions, accuracy of the accounts is an essential quality. To be reliable*, information must (i) carry faithful representation of transactions, (ii) should be p resented in accordance with the substance and economic reality, and (iii) must be neutral, prudent and complete. 4. Comparability : Comparison is the essence of financial statement analysis. Comparable information will reveal relatively strong and weak point. Financial statement should be prepared in such a way that current year’s progress can be compared with that of previous year and inter-firm comparison is possible.To facilitate comparison, it would be more useful to provide with the financial statement of 5 to 10 years summary of important terms such as production in quantity, net sales, net profits, dividend paid, working capital etc. 5. Completeness : The information contained in the financial statements should be complete in al respects. It must be ensured that there is no possibility of any information being incomplete or doubtful. Therefore, full disclosure should be made of all significant information in a manner that is understandable and does not mislead creditor s, investors and others users. . Timeliness : Financial statements are prepared for a definite period of time. At the end of this period, they should be ready and submit to the parties concerned. If the statements are not prepared in time, they can not be properly used and the firm cannot formulate plans for future developments. In addition to the aforesaid qualities, financial statements be prepared easily, attention of the reader is automatically drawn and directed to most significant items and required data for the calculation of different ratios are also essential qualities.As American Accounting Association, has described, â€Å"every corporate statement should be based on accounting principles which are sufficiently uniform, objective and understood to justify opinions to the condition and progress of the business enterprise behind it. † LIMITATIONS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The summary of accounts maintained by a business firm is presented in the form of financial statem ents. The amounts expressed in these statements are based on vouchers and accounting records.Hence, decisions based on these information are more true and logical. However, the conclusions drawn on the basis of these information cannot be treated as final and accurate, because there are certain limitations to the financial statements. One must, therefore, keep in view these limitations while studying the profit and loss account and balance sheet of the firm. Important and impact bearing limitations of financial statements are identified as below : 1. Lack of Precision 2. Lack of Exactness 3. Incomplete Information 4. Interim Reports . Hiding of Real Position or Window Dressing 6. Lack of Comparability 7. Historical Costs Analysis – To Analyse – to cut into pieces But only analyse – No – It means also Interpretation. Thus Financial Statement Analysis means â€Å"Analysis, comparisons and interpretation of Financial data to achieve the desired result† TOOLS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS 1. Comparative Statements 2. Common Size Statements The Essential Requirement is 3. Trend AnalysisVertical Financial Statement. 4. Ratio Analysis 5. Fund Flow Statement 6. Cash Flow Statement

Essay on Sarafina - 604 Words

Sarafina Sarafina! is the story of the struggle for freedom of non-European school children in Soweto, South Africa. The story takes place during the time of the Apartheid just before Nelson Mandela was released in 1990 and the Apartheid ended. The Apartheid was a policy of strict racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-whites in the Republic of South Africa (WWWebster Dictionary). Segregation and discrimination against non-whites was imposed in housing, employment, education, and public services. It was enforced with a cruelly oppressive regime that used intimidation, torture, and murder to maintain order. Sarafina! was thus an open window to what went on during the Apartheid tied into the†¦show more content†¦It was heard in their heated discussions in the classroom and around school about ways that they can gain their freedom. The childrens unity was also seen when they decided to take on the South African government themselves by fighting ba ck with the same tactics that the South African used#8212;violence. Collectivity is also seen at the end of the movie when the children performed the song and dance of Nelson Mandelas return and him leading South Africa once again. Sarafina! also changed the traditional role of women. In the film, the young girl, Sarafina, was the main character. She was outspoken, rebellious, and determined to stop the oppressive South African government at any cost. Sarafina was the one who always came up with all the ideas and did all the planning. She was the one who took matters into her own hands even when no one stood behind her. She was goal-oriented and the strong link of all the children of South Africa. There was the scene in which Sarafina anxiously requests to play Nelson Mandela in the play. When one of her male classmates states that she is a girl and that girls cannot play Nelson Mandela, Sarafina quickly proves him wrong. Then, low and behold, at the end of the movie, Saraf ina played the part of Nelson Mandela. In Sarafina!, Mrs. Masambuca (played by Whoopi Goldberg), is a roleShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Friends : Pretty Little Liars Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesfree-spirited Aria Montgomery. Because of the similarities between our groups of friends, I was able to classify groups of friends into 4 categories, even though they may vary from group to group. My group of girlfriends consisted of Jasmine Melo, Sarafina Joseph, Joan Jean, and me. My friend Jasmine Melo is who I relate to Aria Montgomery. Aria is a very free-spirited person with much creativity that reflects in her style and personality. She has an eclectic style that reminds me so much of my friendRead MoreThe Lion King Character Analysis2250 Words   |  9 Pagesis the mother of the next heir to the Pridelands. Simba’s heir who we learn in the second film is their daughter, Kiara. Sarafina Despite only having one line of dialogue, Sarafina is remembered for supporting her daughter when Scar announces that Mufasa and Simba are dead and when she is seen with Sarabi giving Nala a bath. Best Quote: â€Å"Hm, what do you think Sarabi?† Sarafina apparently has a single line in The Lion King 2 where she praised granddaughter Kaira for how much she has grown. HoweverRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement, Woodstock, Vietnam War, And South Africa853 Words   |  4 Pagestoday, Nigeria is the eleventh largest oil producer in the world, as well as a member of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). But even crazier is South Africa. There’s gonna be a meeting tonight. There’s a state of emergency. (Sarafina). Life was crazy in South Africa. The system was apartheid that created this madness. Whites were ruling and would jail anyone who didn’t follow their rules. They were getting away with murder, grabbing people to interrogate, and they wouldn’t returnRead MoreThe Lion King Musical : My Character In The Lion King1047 Words   |  5 PagesSimba was born he was next in line for the throne, but Simba is next in line for the throne) So Scar encourages Simba to visit the Elephant Graveyard, Simba invites his best friend Nala to go to the elephant graveyard with him. But then Sarabi and Sarafina (Nala’s mother) ask them about the area. Simba lies to them and tells then that they are going to a waterhole. Sarabi allows them to go but she tells them that Zazu (he’s served as Mufasa’s major-domo) needs to come with them. Later on the twoRead MoreFilm Industry in CIVET Countries1271 Words   |  5 Pagesthree other South African movies have attained international recognition. These are U-Carmen e-Khayelitshu, and Yesterday and have proved the highly skilled film industry. One of the most renowned South African actresses is Leleti Khumalo of the Sarafina blockbuster (Bruyn Bain, 2011, pg 36). References Logan S. 2008 Asian Communication Handbook. Jarkata, Indonesia: AMIC Heider, G. K. 1991 Indonesia Cinema: National culture on screen. Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii Press Ciecko, A. T.Read MoreSouth Afric Looking Beyond Apartheid1861 Words   |  8 Pagesto any other race. A typical view of Apartheid depicts all of the conflict as black vs. white. This is a rational thought process, because the white police murdered countless numbers of indigenous South Africans during Apartheid. During the movie Sarafina, the main character Sarafina’s school is occupied by armed white soldiers, despite the fact that the only other people there are unarmed students, teachers, and administration. In the novel The Power of One, a guard beats an elderly black prisonerRead MoreWhat makes a good school?2239 Words   |  9 Pagesneeds to make sure that the school is well maintained and is clean, as well. One example of an administration failing to do this, although it probably has more to do with lack of funding, comes again from the letter, Postcards from America, where Sarafina, the daughter of migrant workers in California, attends school at a school where there are no seats on the toilet and not enough paper in the bathroom to clean yourself. Sometimes, it is jus t the small things like this that can cause a school toRead MoreSouth Africa and the AIDS Crisis2160 Words   |  9 PagesLiving People with HIV and AIDS in Cape Town, which promoted the South African involvement with the international community (over 84 countries attended) in fighting the pandemic. In August the Department of Health spent R14.27 million on the play Sarafina II; the money was given to South Africa from the European Union to help fight HIV/AIDS. The play was designed to educate the public, particularly youth, about the disease, except activists believed the script was inappropriate and unclear, as well